Old-fashioned hygiene habits that are anything but clean

Operations Without Sterilization or Anesthesia

In the 19th century, surgeries were a nightmare. Doctors didn’t sterilize their instruments between patients, spreading infections with every cut. Germ theory hadn’t caught on yet – hygiene was an afterthought.

Even worse, effective anesthesia was non-existent. Patients remained conscious, often held down, while enduring the agony of surgery. A true medical horror show.