Outdated hygiene practices that are anything but clean

There Was No Sterilization or Anesthesia in Surgeries

In the 19th century, undergoing surgery was a nightmare. Doctors didn’t sterilize instruments between patients, which spread infections with every cut. Germ theory wasn’t yet accepted, so hygiene wasn’t part of the medical routine.

Worse still: there was no effective anesthesia. Patients remained awake, often forcibly restrained, while enduring operations in excruciating pain. It was the stuff of a medical horror film.